作者：岳麓書院國學研究與傳播中心兼職研究員，內蒙古大學哲學院講師，哲學博士　楊 澤

　　原發：《周易研究》20156期

　　內容提要：胡炳文認為：時不僅指時間和時機，而且包括事物當下所處一切具體情況的總和。《周易》的主旨是要讓人“知時達變”。能正確認識“時”，便可以自然行權而得中。“權”不能濫用，必須以“立”為前提。時—權—中在邏輯上有先后關系，在實踐中則是一體的，統稱為“時中”。“未發之中”只能通過“時中之中”來顯現。“理一”與“分殊”血脈相通，“理一”就在“分殊”之中。

　　From Hu Bingwen's(1250-1333)perspective,shi(lit.,"timeliness")not only refers to time and opportunity,but also includes the totality of all immediate circumstances.The main purport of the Zhou Changes is to let people know timeliness and adapt themselves to the salient changes.If one is correctly aware of timeliness,he can naturally act expediently and attain to centrality(zhong).However,expedience should not be abused and has to be based on the establishment of morality.Although there is a relationship of logical precedence between timeliness,expedience,and centrality,they form one entity in practice,called shi zhong(lit.,"timeliness and centrality")by a joint name.The centrality hidden in one's heart/mind can be manifested only in the centrality of the shi zhong.Universality and particularities are inseparable and the former dwells in the latter.

　　關鍵詞：時/時中/權/中/理一分殊　　Timeliness/shi zhong/expedience/centrality/universality and particularities

　　標題注釋：2014年國家社科基金重大項目：“朱子門人后學研究”(14ZDB008)；岳麓書院國學研究與傳播中心2013年度重大招標課題“宋元朱子學”子課題：“胡炳文思想研究”(13ZDA11)。

　　胡炳文，字仲虎，號云峰，婺源考川明經胡氏后代，是元代易學的重要代表人物之一。據載，胡炳文的祖父胡師夔和父親胡斗元都精研易學，并與朱熹有師承淵源。胡炳文延續家學傳統，同時繼承和發展了朱子理學和易學，強調“學易不可不知時”①，形成了獨特的“時中”思想。